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Sciam Observations
James Watson, six months later, still apologizing
You'd think James Watson would be pretty good at apologizing by now. Last October, the then 79-year-old Nobel Prize winner was quoted in the Sunday Times of London Magazine as saying that he was "inherently gloomy about the prospect of Africa" given that "all our social policies are based on the fact that their intelligence is the same as ours—whereas all the testing says not really."

Watson formally apologized for the comments, which he denied having made, and resigned on October 25th—11 days after the incendiary comments appeared—as chancellor of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.

It was hardly the first time Watson was quoted saying something awkward since he and his colleagues Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins won the 1962 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for discovering the double helical structure of DNA. He'd been slammed for ignoring the contribution of biophysicist Rosalind Franklin in solving DNA's structure; for picking on Franklin's appearance; for saying that women might want to abort babies with "gay genes"; and on and on.

It was with all that in mind that I went to New York University on Wednesday afternoon to see Watson give a talk about his latest book, "Avoid Boring People: Lessons from a Life in Science," which, if it's anything like the talk, is part memoir, part Dale Carnegie-style distillation of a lifetime's wisdom. (Among Watson's maxims: Don't be a hypocrite for the sake of social acceptance.)

NYU was surely less leery of Watson than Columbia University had been of Iranian president and Holocaust-denier Mahmoud Ahmadinejad when he visited the latter school's campus in September. But Tamar Schlick, a co-organizer of the talk and professor in chemistry, mathematics and computer science at NYU, nodded when asked if the she and her co-hosts had been worried that their guest would say something inflammatory.

"Yeah," she said, "we worked very hard in conference calls" with Watson's people. She wouldn't elaborate much. "Some people had doubts whether he apologized or not," she said. "I didn't want anybody to be offended, so I wanted him to apologize before he began his remarks."

Watson seemed to be in good spirits. His 80th birthday had passed on April 6th (a reception would follow the talk), and on the 16th the journal Nature published his full genome sequence. The first thing he did was encourage the NYU crowd to speak up if he mumbled but to hold any disagreements for at least 10 minutes. (He punctuated his remarks frequently with a dry, lisplike cackle.)

Then he got right to it, explaining that he wanted to "indicate my own horror about the remarks I reputedly made in the London Sunday Times, which, when I read them, I would clearly hate the person who made them." He continued: "I certainly have never believed that one, you know, group of people is better than another." Then he made a strange remark that he's "always been aware that I'm not very good as a mathematician."

Next he cited the "particular[ly] awful couple of sentences" from the Times in which he seemed to imply that "my black colleagues at Cold Spring Harbor weren't doing their job well." The passage in question quoted Watson as saying he hoped everyone was equal, but that "people who have to deal with black employees find this not true."

He told the audience at NYU: "We have only two black students at the Watson School [of Biological Sciences at Cold Spring Harbor], both girls, both very spunky and, I think, very good. And my secretary for 10 years was a black woman until she decided that she wanted to help her husband. So I've worked with people of all sorts of races."

At times, he continued, "people have said I was anti-women and anti-Semitic and anti-fat people," which he said made him sound like "someone from Chicago, filled with sort of extreme remarks." (He was born in Chicago in 1927 and raised there.)

But "thinking back, to haunt me the worst was [a headline in] the London Times about 10 years ago"—he meant The Telegraph—"that said 'Abort [mumbled—Ed.] babies: Nobel Prize winner.'" The headline in The Telegraph's archives reads "Abort babies with gay genes, says Nobel winner." (The word Watson mumbled sounded closest to "hobo.") That incident, Watson said, had been "really grim. But I was just arguing for women's freedom to, you know—whatever sort of child they want, let 'em have." Nonetheless, "it got quoted, and it was a pretty awful weekend for me. And this other case was much worse and I'm mortified, and I've apologized."

He then noted that Henry Louis "Skip" Gates, head of the "Afro-American" department at Harvard University, had interviewed him for an hour and a half for a webcast that must have had to do with DNA ancestry tests, because Watson explained that DNA "offers a real way to find out where you came from."

He suggested that a person's genome would be informative but limited. "I put my sequence on the Web," he said, "and someone from Iceland"—he's referring to Kari Stefansson, CEO of deCODE Genetics—"said I'm 16 percent black and seven percent Asian. And you know I can sort of imagine a scenario by which some of my ancestors had African blood in them."

But he said he found it "very hard" to see the Asian connection. "You know the railroads hardly crossed by the time my Irish grandmother was born," he said, apparently referring to the U.S. transcontinental railroad. "I think we're all just curious about where we come from," he said.

Thus ended the meat of the apology. The remainder of his hour-long talk was In discussing the importance of social skills to a biologist's career, he said that Rosalind Franklin probably had Asperger's syndrome and had lost out on the Nobel in part because she was so socially awkward.

During a brief Q&A, he confirmed that he contributed to Barack Obama's presidential campaign ($2300 in January). "I really want Obama to win," but he said he would back John McCain over Hilary Clinton ("Hilary—whoo," were his exact words) because McCain would be a stauncher advocate of science. Clinton, he said, "actually believes social science is as good as science."

He then outlined his foreign policy: "All this business of worrying about the world," he said. "If I had Bill Gates's money, I would spend it in the United States." He suggested that a doubling of the U.S. science budget might ease his concerns that the country—the one he "grew up wanting to believe ... was the best place in the world"—was currently "sinking."

At the reception following the talk, I watched Watson step over an ottoman to reach the birthday cake Schlick was cutting cut for him. Kiwi slices were laid on top of chocolate icing in the shape of a vague double helix.

Later, I asked Schlick how she thought the apology had come off. "It's not for me to decide," she said. "There are a lot of things I would not have said. That's all I can say."

9 Comments
Come on folks. This is an old guy who is pretty smart, came up from the streets of Chicago and likes to talk trash. He's honest, and really wants to get at the truth, regardless of what it actually is. Thank god a few academics aren't totally full of it; can speak their minds and offend people once in a while doing it. We need more like him, not these PC police actions.

Aside from that, this article contains journalistic hogwash. For instance: "for saying that women might want to abort babies with "gay genes" was taken completely out of context. Besides which, if such genes exist, and whether a fetus was likley to be homosexual or not was actually knowable - you betcha that many women would abort. Mothers want to be grandmothers - evolution pretty much forces the issue. But this was an off the cuff remark by Watson, and is consistently reported in a "Willie Horton" gotcha style.

Personally, I don't think such genes are identifiable, so it's a moot point. I have my reasons, which I am not going to share right now.

Frankly, I agree completely that the USA is sinking. I think American science is crtically ill, no longer cares about the truth, and is severely corrupt. I am also quite aware that Bill Gates is being taken for a ride by a host of opportunistic scientists who are happily spending his money on Africa. (While benefiting themselves and building their careers as wonderful people.) Gates' entire fortune could be swallowed up with absolutely nothing to show for it, just like all the IMF and World Bank and USAID funds that have disappeared there. His foundation is not going to be successful with AIDS. Basically, he's being used by we scientists. And while he wastes his money on Africa, kids right here at home can't get an education or eat decently. Our infrastructure is crumbling. Christ! We are starting to go the way of the USSR on infrastructure!

There is this phenomenon that leads people to think that extremely complex problems that they don't understand are more easily solved than simpler problems (like urban poor and education) right in their backyard that they understand well. That's why Gates went to Africa. (With much prodding from Melinda, who wants to be a good person, but doesn't know what she's doing.) I speak as someone who went to Central Asia to "do some good" and realized what an fool I was after years there. Even George Soros' foundations, the standard kickback to in-country grant decision makers is 30% of the grant. Corruption runs deep and once established it is very hard to root out.

I would phrase my remarks differently, I'm not quite the trash-talker Watson is. But I didn't grow up on the mean streets of Chicago. But most of what Watson says has merit. Try using what he says as a goad to thinking and getting at the truth instead of playing "gotcha" games and this PC hand-wringing. Get a grip everyone.

(Post script - Think of Watson as a humorless Bill Cosby. :) Bill is running around now telling it like it is, and this is something old people do. My grandmother when she hit 85 just said, "I have held my toungue long enough, and look where that got me." And she just laid it on the line, sometimes shocking the whole family.)

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Edited by John_Toradze at 05/01/2008 9:29 PM
Hi,
I am a student of genetics at the world renowned Smurfitt Institute of Genetics. At one level, I think way too much heed is paid to Jim Watson, who is afterall an elderly person working well past the age most citizens are allowed to hold down a job and we don't know what sort of problems he may have from an older person's psychological perspective. But on another level, he echoes a very real danger that, in my opinion, is inherent in the whole subject of genetics- this sort of "God" complex that genetics gives to biology- the reason for this is because person A has this genotype whereas person B has a different ( maybe fitter) genotype. Genetics kinda fills the psycological need to control our fate our destiny, in the same way the concept of god cemented the gaps in our knowledge and understanding of the ancient world. But , after 4 years of undergraduate study I haven't the foggyist idea what genetics really is about and, in my opinion, is both a powerful tool to unravel biochemical pathways , further medical treatment, bring about real and positive changes to our lives as humans, but at the same time a pseudoscience, full of buzz words like polymorphisms, easier to learn than biochemistry ( so great for students !), full of green fluorescent proteins experiments that trill a summer students labwork , dressed up with complex-sounding concepts that are usually ridiculously trivial points and are vastly open to misinterpretation by other scientists, scientists that write novels for the public, the press and ultimately the public who increasingly form a picture of their personal worth as a collage of their genes. Genetics is becoming synonomous with fate and living out a genetic life programme that sees you destined to die of the illnesses your parents passed on.
I think Jim's comments underlie this false confidence that everything about us can be put in a box with a promoter and a bent arrow coming out of it. In our degree we had a module called Science, Philosophy and Ethics and it was meant to put a finesse to the degree and to ourselves as budding "Worldclass" scientists but, as an older student, I was shocked at the very closed minded elitest view of what constitutes a scientist . This is only a subjective view but a scientist is really part of the wider community, in my humble opinion, and not some sort of elite leaders of society determining what is best for the masses - bulldozing through GM crops, for example, without consulting the people of the state who have a perfect right to limit science and disagree with us even if they don't have Phds. Jim's comments are kinda along those lines revealing a sort of institutionalisation inherent in isolating one's self from the wider world and devoting long hours to research and not taking in the wider picture. For instance, his comments on Africans and African americans etc are typical narrow focused views inherent in how geneticists form logic and illogic- the obvious factor in the history of africa is History- how a bunch of europeans gutted the place. In Jim's own time he surely experienced the lack of opportunities for the african american peoples in the USA ?? In contrast, I assume from the day he was born he had all the advantages and opportunities ( ingredients) that ultimately led to his achievements....but what has his genetics to do with it ? A very great scientist at our institute who is a medical doctor summed this point up well at his British Science Association lecture in Dublin, 2005, when he said :" If I asked my medical students to put up their hand if their parent was also a doctor most of my class would put up their hands but that doesn't mean medicine is hereditary" stating the reality that a lot of these issues stem from our feudal societies rather than our genetic makeup. A Science career is a means for people to realise their intellectual potential, but, I guess it has its own set of characters pluggin the guy from "the right background" as the irish experience demonstrates.

After 4 years of studying genetics I'm more confused about what it all means than ever and I thank Jim for his clarifying comments which give me the confidence to stand up and say that a good lot of genetics is pure pseudoscience while the rest is interesting stuff :)

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Edited by Student of Human Genetics at 05/02/2008 3:39 AM
It annoys me how media rips apart everything people in the spotlight say, and then only pick out the bad parts. The people who actually stand up and talk to the world, are usually more vulnerable, and "those who can't avoid saying something awkward are a lot more brave than others, to still stand up and say something even though they will face the consequences" (my Social Studies teacher).

Being a freshman in high school, I cannot say that I know everything about this topic, but, on a first glance, this is the pattern I saw. It is easy to poke holes in someone else's reputation, but would YOU be able to stand up in front of - basically, the world, and talk without any flaws yourself? I will admit, I can not. Oh yeah, on a comment, you can reread and edit your words before you post, but when you are actually talking, it is like writing with a Sharpie in a text book, you cannot clean it off two weeks before the end of the year, when you have to return that textbook.
Put things in perspective, please, this guy apologized for his actions and admitted his weakness in speaking in public, how many times does he have to apologize?
I understand Africa's feelings were hurt, but then everyone makes mistakes, and do you know how much it really takes to publically apologize and admit a mistake??
phew. class dissmissed.

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Edited by paperwaster24 at 05/02/2008 4:20 AM
I know how Mr. Watson suffers from speaking his mind. I grew up in a very blue collar area in the back woods of Southern New Jersey. Despite graduating #1 in my class at Rutgers University, my "salt of the Earth" roots continually influence my thinking and manner of speaking. Eloquence of speech isn't the norm, profanity comes all too easily, and speaking one's mind without thinking about how every single word you might say may have a negative impact on someone else's thinking proves to become more frustrating than it's worth. A politically correct society doesn't fit well with me, and I've become paranoid about saying anything publicly, even if it's the truth.

In the mid-1990s, the president of Rutgers University, Francis Lawrence, stated an observation concerning the bell curve created by the rated intelligence of the Rutgers student population. A handful of students were exceptionally bright and would form the left side of the curve, a handful of exceptionally dim students formed the right side, and the majority of students sat under the dome of the curve. He stated that black students populated the right side of the curve moreso than the left, an outward observation that would be made by anyone who saw the graph and statistical analysis. His intention was to consider making the curicula easier at Rutger's satellite campuses in Camden and Newark, NJ, two notably impoverished cities where minority student populations were more prominent. As you can imagine, Mr. Lawrence was verbally scathed and virtually lynched for speaking the truth. He took more heat than most people could individually handle and apologized profusely, but he weathered the storm and stayed on as president.

I've suffered from foot-in-mouth disease trying to work with the upper echelon at Lockheed Martin and one of its prestigious partners in business, the US Navy. People from affluent families tend to populate the ruling class in any large organization, and they have their own manner of thinking and speaking, which is quite distinct from that of blue collar origin. Put the two classes of intellectuals in the same room and one will find a way to disgust the other within 15 minutes. The blue collar intellectual will probably not speak with the polished refinement of the high society intellectual, and the blue collar individuals will be judged as inferior, which will lead to great mutual distaste. That's me in a nutshell, and I lost my job at Lockheed Martin. I shined in my career technically, as people like Mr. Watson often do, but when it came to dealing with the politics of the big business world, everything tended to fall apart for me. When I get wrapped up in an impassioned discussion, my blue collar side takes over, especially when someone is trying to BS me. My best candor and grace quickly dissolve into a profanity-laden tirade of accusatory insinuations and overt cynicisms. If you were a self-serving liar, I'd tell you so, even if you lived higher in the corporate food chain than I.

Yes indeed, I know exactly how Mr. Watson feels, and I know why he says the things he does. It wouldn't surprise me if his talks and speeches were intensely reviewed beforehand by the lecture host before being permitted to speak publicly ... that happened to me frequently before my firing. Mr. Watson, you should not feel ashamed. Your contributions to science and the world in general far outweigh the perceived negativity of your "insulting" observations on humanity. If you feel so strongly about the performance of one group of people not adding up to the performance of another, and someone cries foul for whatever reason, challenge them to disprove your observation instead of apologizing for your being an idiot in their eyes, especially if you can prove that your observation is indeed a correct one. And if they continue to whine incessently and obnoxiously, then f+++ 'em, as I would say in my best blue collar colloquial. Maybe someday they'll actually "get it".
Hi,

Thanks for the comments. One correction: I give Watson's birth year as 1927. It was 1928. The editing function seems to be broken for this post...

My actual goal in writing the above was to let you decide for yourself about what happened to Watson, but in trying not to editorialize, I may have left the wrong impression.

Seeing Watson speak, I felt bad for him. He's an old guy, and he's had no reason to check his comments for the last, oh, four decades or so. If you take him at his word, he made his name by going his own way and speaking up for his ideas. I'm sure I'd ramble on too if my life had been like his.

It just so happens that we reporters hang on his every word, looking for any chance to point out a flaw, which becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy.

I rather agree with the following remarks, from an opinion piece published in Time last October:

Still, even with the offensive and unreasonable remarks that appeared in print, it's hard not to feel a little bit sorry for Watson. The man Charlotte Hunt-Grubbe describes in The Sunday Times Magazine is less an arrogant bigot than an enthusiastic if misguided old man, someone who does not quite understand that people won't always take his provocative remarks as innocently as he intended.
"He's old" is not a reasonable justification for racism, excuse me.
Something I forgot. It's clear old Watson is a great scientist of genetics. But he's not much of an historian. :) The asian heritage is easy to explain. The Mongols swept across Eurasia and left their genetic mark virtually everywhere. They were "he men" and they liked their rape. (Ogden Nash had a poem with a line in it "but a he man wants his rape" it's stuck with me examining history.)

Someone should tell the old boy. ;)

Anyway, I'm glad the old guy is in good spirits. I've never met him. If I did, we'd probably end up in an argument, but that's all right. :)
To J.R. Minkel:

I don't know. I gather you are a reporter. The thing is what Jim Watson says is simply nonsense and you don't need a PhD to figure that one out. How could black people be inferior or superior to whites ? This type of genetics is up there with astrology ...its total pseudoscience. It doesn't even deserve a counter argument. And about Africa- can anyone name a place on the planet that didn't start out as a mess. Europe, for instance self destructed twice in the 20th century when we let a few thugs talk our sensible selves into slaughtering millions for the sake of false beliefs and ludicrous concepts of kings.Why do you think we Europeans are so disparaging of Americans ? Because Americans came over and knocked some sense into us and sorted our problems for us. Even today, this resentment is seen in failure to deal with the middle eastern cults that resulted in 9/11 and leaving america to sacrifice its people to protect us all from this global threat instead of presenting a united front and nip it in the bud.

But the point I was trying to make is that this whole Pseudoscience of Genetics is exploding with potential for misinformation. Watson is a 79 year old bloke but recently a 37 year old American lecturer and PI in the Genetics department in Trinity made a joke in our lectures about a behavioural phenotype of drosophila that headbutt each other being like " People from Tallaght" a working class area in Dublin. The Irish taxpayer through Science Foundation Ireland and people from this area of dublin heavily fund our department (and this particular guy) and I don't think its money well spent keeping a bunch of guys like that in comfort pursuing this type of nonsense neurogenetic research and leisurely typing the next paper for Nature Genetics. Have sense people of the world- guys like Watson and this guy in our department do contribute to the world but not everything they say is sensible or even remotely important. Don't let it bring upset or insult or hurt to your fellow man by actually respecting it. Genetics is largely pseudoscience - don't read too much into it.

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Edited by Student of Human Genetics at 05/02/2008 2:25 PM
Once we accept a non-monolithic view of what intelligence is, we have to thoroughly investigate each aspect and be ready to discover many new ones along a research path.

What is social intelligence for instance ?
How would I score for survival intelligence ?
I.Q tests are object oriented, the object being to sift through candidates for certain traits and make sure others won't go through the gate.

That is why technical campuses keep their curriculum so overloaded, just to keep students away from any free time to explore the fringes of their field and maybe discover controversies, for instance.
 

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